1. The amount of air that is moved into the lungs during a single inspiration is called:
A.minute volume.
B.tidal volume.
C.cycle volume.
D.peak flow.


2. The diaphragm functions as:
A.a skeletal muscle only.
B.a voluntary muscle only.
C.an involuntary muscle only.
D.both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.


3. Which of the following muscles contract during normal inhalation?
A.Rectus and intercostal
B.Rectus and external oblique
C.Intercostal and diaphragm
D.Sternocleidomastoid and diaphragm


4. Exhalation occurs when the:
A.diaphragm contracts.
B.diaphragm relaxes.
C.accessory muscles relax.
D.intercostal muscles contract.


5. A patient presents with difficulty breathing. His skin is cool and clammy and his lips are cyanotic. Cyanosis indicates that:
A.the patient is in early hypoxia.
B.the patient is compensating.
C.the patient is severely hypoxic.
D.the patient is not breathing.


6. What is the most common gas in the air?
A.Helium
B.Oxygen
C.Nitrogen
D.Hydrogen


7. Oxygen moves into the cells through the process of:
A.excretion.
B.diffusion.
C.secretion.
D.concentration.


8. Respiration is controlled by an area in the:
A.lungs.
B.brain stem.
C.spinal cord.
D.carotid artery.


9. The normal adult respiratory rate is how many breaths per minute?
A.6 to 12
B.10 to 15
C.12 to 20
D.15 to 28


10. Signs that a conscious patient is not breathing well include all of the following EXCEPT:
A.pale, cyanotic or cool skin.
B.accessory muscle use.
C.even chest rise.
D.shallow chest rise and fall.


11. In a healthy individual, the primary stimulus to breathe is the:
A.decreased level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
B.increased level of oxygen in the blood.
C.increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
D.decreased level of oxygen in the blood.


12. The normal respiratory rate in a child is how many breaths per minute?
A.10 to 20
B.15 to 30
C.20 to 40
D.25 to 50


13. The normal respiratory rate in an infant is how many breaths per minute?
A.15 to 30
B.20 to 40
C.25 to 50
D.30 to 60


14. When positioning an unconscious patient, you must make sure the patient is:
A.lying down, face up, on a firm, flat surface.
B.lying down, face down, on a firm, flat surface.
C.lying down, on his or her side, on a firm, flat surface.
D.in a semisitting position, with the patient's back propped against a firm, flat surface.


15. A patient is found unconscious after a fall from a third floor window. When you assess his respirations, you find that they are very slow, with occasional gasps. This type of breathing is referred to as:
A.bradypnea.
B.tachypnea
C.hyperpnea.
D.agonal.


16. The position in which a breathing patient who has not had any traumatic injuries is rolled onto the right or left side with the hands placed under the cheek is called the:
A.BLS position.
B.recovery position.
C.resuscitation position.
D.Trendelenburg's position.


17. A tonsil tip is best used for suctioning the:
A.trachea.
B.pharynx.
C.esophagus.
D.nasal air passages.


18. Of the following, which would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?
A.An acute asthma attack
B.A unilateral femur fracture
C.A stroke
D.Chronic bronchitis


19. An adult patient should never be suctioned for longer than:
A.30 seconds
B.20 seconds
C.15 seconds
D.25 seconds


20. Which of the following is the method of choice for providing artificial ventilation?
A.Mouth-to-mask ventilation
B.One-person BVM device
C.Two-person BVM device
D.Oxygen-powered manually triggered breathing device


21. The total amount of air in the reservoir bag of an adult BVM device is usually:
A.150 to 240 mL.
B.500 to 700 mL.
C.1,200 to 1,600 mL.
D.2,000 to 2,500 mL.


22. When ventilating a patient with a BVM device, you should squeeze the bag until:
A.it is empty.
B.the patient's chest rises.
C.100% oxygen is delivered.
D.the patient has spontaneous respirations.


23. Which of the following statements about using a BVM device is true?
A.A one-person BVM device is more effective than a two-person BVM device.
B.A two-person BVM device is more effective than a one-person BVM device.
C.You should try to deflate the bag simultaneously with the patient's expiratory effort.
D.When using the BVM device with chest compressions, you should ventilate twice after every fifth compression.


24. A 33-year-old female has overdosed on a narcotic drug. She is found to have respirations at a rate of 10 breaths/min with reduced tidal volume. The most appropriate airway management for this patient would include:
A.nasal cannula at 4 - 6 L/min.
B.nonrebreathering mask at 15 L/min.
C.a BVM device with 100% oxygen attached.
D.a pocket mask without supplemental oxygen.


25. While using a BVM device on a patient who does not have a spinal injury, you noticed that the patient's stomach seems to be rising and falling. You should reposition:
A.the patient's head.
B.the patient's jaw.
C.your fingers.
D.the mask.


26. Which of the following statements about using a flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device is true?
A.It is most effective on infants and children.
B.This device cannot be used with any other airway adjuncts.
C.Gastric distention is likely to occur as a result of a high flow rate.
D.A patient with COPD should receive less pressure than a patient with normal lungs.


27. The term "laryngectomy" can be defined as:
A.surgical removal of the larynx.
B.an instrument that is used to give a direct view of the vocal cords.
C.a method of intubation in which a tube is placed through the larynx to maintain the airway.
D.an airway adjunct inserted into the nostril of a conscious patient to help maintain the airway.


28. When ventilating a patient with a stoma, you should:
A.use the jaw-thrust maneuver.
B.use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.
C.use the modified jaw-thrust maneuver.
D.seal the patient's mouth and nose with one hand.


29. To open an airway obstruction caused by the tongue and throat muscles relaxing back into the airway, the EMT-B should:
A.perform the Heimlich maneuver.
B.perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.
C.log roll the patient onto his or her left side.
D.perform a finger sweep of the patient's mouth.


30. To relieve gastric distention, you should:
A.place the patient supine and apply moderate pressure to the abdomen.
B.place the patient face down and apply moderate pressure to the lower back.
C.place the patient in a semisitting position and apply moderate pressure to the chest.
D.use the Sellick maneuver.


31. Which of the following situations must be avoided in relieving gastric distention?
A.Hypertension
B.Anaphylactic shock
C.Blood rushing to the head
D.Aspiration of gastric juices into the lungs


32. What are two main purposes of the oropharyngeal airway?
A.Prevents aspiration and airway obstruction
B.Prevents airway injury and eases suctioning
C.Prevents airway obstruction and tachycardia
D.Prevents airway obstruction and eases suctioning


33. Supplemental oxygen should always be:
A.withheld from patients with strokes.
B.withheld from patients with lung disease.
C.given to patients with no breathing problems.
D.given to patients who are not breathing on their own.


34. An oropharyngeal airway should NOT be used when the patient has:
A.hypoxia.
B.a strong gag reflex.
C.abnormal respirations.
D.a significant head injury.


35. The curve of an oropharyngeal airway is first inserted upside down or sideways and then inverted to:
A.prevent the airway from damaging the teeth.
B.prevent the tongue from being pushed back.
C.allow good visualization of the epiglottis.
D.prevent injury to the hard palate.


36. The size of the nasopharyngeal airway is determined by measuring from the:
A.lips to the angle of the jaw.
B.chin to the angle of the jaw.
C.tip of the nose to the earlobe.
D.incisors to the base of the tongue.


37. A nasopharyngeal airway is usually used to:
A.prevent aspiration.
B.support the airway in a conscious patient.
C.protect the airway in an unconscious patient.
D.support the airway when there is oral trauma.


38. Problems associated with too much oxygen will develop if:
A.oxygen is given to an infant.
B.less than 50% oxygen is given.
C.oxygen concentration is limited in an arrest situation.
D.high concentrations of oxygen are given for a long period of time.


39. The pin-indexing system was established to:
A.ensure that oxygen is present in the cylinder.
B.measure the concentration of oxygen in the cylinder.
C.regulate flow out of the yoke-type pressure reducing gauge.
D.prevent the oxygen regulator from being attached to other types of gas cylinders.


40. You insert an oropharyngeal airway into an unconscious patient and she begins to gag. You should:
A.turn the patient on her side.
B.continue inserting the airway.
C.suction the patient's mouth.
D.remove the airway at once.


41. The pressure of gas in a full oxygen cylinder is approximately:
A.generally lower than 20 psi.
B.generally greater than 5,000 psi.
C.reduced by a pressure regulator to 40 to 70 psi before use.
D.2,000 psi.


42. When will a pressure-compensated flowmeter with a float ball function poorly?
A.At low flow rates
B.At high flow rates
C.When not in an upright position
D.When the needle valve is opened


43. The Bourdon-gauge flowmeter's major disadvantage is that it:
A.will not compensate for backpressure.
B.will not function in cold water.
C.will read low at high flow rates.
D.is affected by gravity.


44. One of the hazards of oxygen is that it will:
A.burn.
B.oxygen.
C.support combustion.
D.spontaneously ignite.


45. A nonrebreathing mask can supply up to:
A.40% inspired oxygen.
B.50% inspired oxygen.
C.75% inspired oxygen.
D.90% inspired oxygen.


46. In which of the following patients would a nasopharyngeal airway be contraindicated?
A.A semiconscious patient with a gag reflex
B.A patient who fell 20' and landed on his or her head
C.An unconscious patient with an intact gag reflex
D.An unconscious patient who gags when you insert an oral airway


47. The major components of a nonrebreathing mask are:
A.air vents and a tight mask.
B.high-flow oxygen and air vents.
C.a tight mask and high-flow oxygen.
D.a reservoir bag and a one-way valve.


48. What percent inspired oxygen can a nasal cannula deliver?
A.21%
B.25% - 35%
C.24% - 44%
D.50% - 75%


49. Delivery of oxygen through a nasal cannula would NOT benefit a patient with:
A.a nasal blockage.
B.abdominal injuries.
C.chronic lung disease.
D.a myocardial infarction.


50. You are delivering oxygen to a patient with a nasal cannula when he begins to complain that his nose is burning. What should you do?
A.Remove the nasal cannula.
B.Apply a nonrebreathing mask.
C.Administer humidified oxygen.
D.Insert a nasopharyngeal airway.



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