1. The process of the brain interpreting the sensory information that it receives from the peripheral nerves and responding by sending signals to the voluntary muscles is a function of the:
A.involuntary nervous system.
B.autonomic nervous system.
C.sensory nervous system.
D.somatic nervous system.


2. Which of the following parts of the central nervous system is considered the most primitive?
A.Cerebrum
B.Brain stem
C.Cerebellum
D.Spinal cord


3. When assessing whether or not a patient can feel or move his toes, you are testing the integrity of the:
A.central nervous system.
B.peripheral nervous system.
C.cerebellar reflex.
D.brainstem.


4. The brain, a part of the central nervous system (CNS), is divided into the:
A.cerebellum, cerebrum, and spinal cord.
B.cerebrum, brain stem, and spinal cord.
C.spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebral cortex.
D.cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.


5. What part of the spinal column is commonly injured in automobile accidents?
A.Sacral
B.Cervical
C.Thoracic
D.Coccygeal


6. A man is found slumped over the steering wheel, unconscious and making "snoring" sounds, after an automobile accident. The patient's head is turned to the side, and his neck is flexed. The first steps in caring for this patient would be to secure the airway and then:
A.rotate the head to correct the deformity.
B.splint the head in the position in which you found it.
C.hyperextend the neck to correct the deformity.
D.attempt manual stabilization and move the head to the neutral, in-line position.


7. During immobilization of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, manual stabilization of the head must be maintained until:
A.an appropriate-size extrication collar has been placed.
B.pulse, motor, and sensory functions are found to be intact.
C.the patient is fully immobilized to a long spine board.
D.a range of motion test of the neck has been completed.


8. A woman who is found sitting in her car after an automobile accident is believed to have a spinal injury. The most appropriate short-term immobilization device would be a cervical collar, along with a:
A.long backboard.
B.short backboard.
C.semirigid litter.
D.pneumatic antishock garment (PASG).


9. One of the principal functions of an intervertebral disk is to:
A.carry blood to the vertebrae.
B.allow the spine some motion.
C.provide for nerve function in the vertebrae.
D.serve as a point of attachment between the spinal cord and muscles in the back.


10. When logrolling a supine patient in preparation for immobilization, the patient is not moved until:
A.manual in-line stabilization of the head is temporarily released.
B.the rescuer at the head advises the team to move the patient.
C.a complete examination of the posterior has taken place.
D.a short immobilization device has been properly secured.


11. As you are assessing a 3-year-old boy with a large laceration to the top of the head, you must keep in mind that:
A.the scalp, unlike other parts of the body, has relatively fewer blood vessels.
B.most scalp injuries are superficial and are rarely associated with more serious injuries.
C.the blood loss from a scalp wound can be enough to result in hypovolemic shock.
D.any avulsed portions of the scalp should be cut away to facilitate bandaging.


12. A distraction injury and fracture to the upper portion of the cervical spine is MOST likely to occur with which of the following injuries?
A.Diving accidents
B.Hanging injuries
C.Blunt-neck trauma
D.Penetrating-neck trauma


13. You and your partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an automobile crash. A man is conscious, lying on his back on the ground next to his automobile. The patient cannot move his legs and states that his "back hurts." Your first step in caring for this patient would be to:
A.roll him gently to his stomach and place a pillow under his head.
B.gently raise him to a sitting position and ask whether this relieves the pain.
C.gently lift him onto a stretcher and transport him to the hospital.
D.leave him on his back and perform an initial assessment, focusing on ABC.


14. A patient who has a spinal injury must be moved. As you begin to move the patient, you should make sure that the spinal column is:
A.in traction.
B.well padded.
C.wrapped tightly.
D.immobilized in a straight line.


15. A 5-year-old child requires full spinal immobilization after falling from a tree. As the child is log rolled onto the backboard, you should:
A.place blanket rolls under the child's knees to prevent the legs from moving.
B.place a small pillow under the child's head to prevent hyperextension of the neck.
C.place a rolled towel under the child's neck to prevent hyperextension of the neck.
D.place padding between the child's shoulders and the backboard to prevent hyperflexion of the neck.


16. The windshield is broken on the passenger's side after an automobile accident. Your care of the patient who is sitting on this side should include providing treatment for possible:
A.eye injuries.
B.facial injuries.
C.cervical spine injuries.
D.lumbar spine injuries.


17. Sensory nerves conduct impulses from the:
A.muscles to the brain.
B.brain to the muscles.
C.brain to the motor fibers.
D.body to the central nervous system.


18. The membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are called:
A.pleura.
B.meninges.
C.mesenteries.
D.parietal pleura.


19. Discoloration of the soft tissues around the eye as a result of a head injury is called:
A.battle's sign.
B.raccoon eyes.
C.cerebral edema.
D.epidural hematoma.


20. A woman with suspected spinal injuries as a result of an automobile crash must be removed from the vehicle. Your choice of immobilization device should be based primarily on:
A.the distance to the nearest hospital.
B.your comfort level with various devices.
C.the position and condition of the patient only.
D.the position and condition of the patient, as well as the type and condition of the vehicle.


21. A patient has been involved in an altercation in which he was struck in the side of the head with a bat. Your assessment reveals a large laceration and instability to the parietal region of the skull. The patient is unconscious with snoring respirations. Which of the following is NOT included in the assessment and management of this patient?
A.Performing a jaw thrust and inserting an oral airway
B.Elevating the head of the backboard during transport
C.Applying a pressure dressing to the wound for stabilization
D.Checking behind the ears for the presence of mastoid bruising


22. Of the following head injuries, which would be MOST likely to develop rapidly?
A.A subdural hematoma
B.A subarachnoid hematoma
C.An epidural hematoma
D.An intracranial hematoma


23. The first step in treating a patient with a head injury is to:
A.control bleeding.
B.immobilize the patient's head.
C.establish and maintain an airway.
D.check for and stabilize any cervical spine injuries.


24. Swelling of the brain after injury is considered serious, because:
A.swelling may travel to the spinal cord.
B.it is difficult to drain fluid from the skull.
C.pressure on the brain might cause a hemorrhage.
D.there is little room for expansion within the skull.


25. An unconscious patient with a head injury might have brain damage if the pupils of the eyes are:
A.unequal.
B.constricted.
C.paradoxical.
D.equal and reactive.


26. Following blunt trauma to the back of the head, a 44-year-old man, who was temporarily unconscious, complains of a having a severe headache and "seeing stars." He states that he regained his memory shortly after your arrival. This presentation is MOST consistent with a:
A.cerebral contusion.
B.concussion injury.
C.subdural hematoma.
D.intracerebral bleed.


27. The brain has a protective covering called the:
A.pleura.
B.dura mater.
C.epithelium.
D.peritoneum.


28. A man hits his head on a low road sign while he is riding a bike. You find him lying on the side of the road with a large abrasion over his right eye. His partner states that the patient seemed fine after he ran into the sign, but about 10 minutes later, he did not remember where he was or what he was doing. The patient is alert now but agitated. The most appropriate course of action would be to:
A.bandage his abrasion and take him home, since he is now alert.
B.bandage his abrasion and send him home with instructions to call his personal physician.
C.monitor him for further changes in level of consciousness during transport.
D.monitor him for further changes in level of consciousness and, if there are none, send him home.



This is the end of the test. When you have completed all the questions and reviewed your answers, press the button below to grade the test.